Volcanic erupted City

 Akrotiri

It is located Peninsula on the southwest coast of Cyprus,an overseas territory of Great Britain.

By terms of the 1960 Treaty of Establishment that created the independent Republic of Cyprus, the UK retained full sovreignty and jurisdiction over two areas of almost 254 square kilometers in total: Akrotiri and Dhekelia.

Climate : Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters

There are no economic statistics gathered for Akrotiri and Dhekelia. The main economic activities are the provision of services to the military, as well as limited agriculture.

On 1 January 2008 Akrotiri and Dhekelia adopted the euro along with the rest of Southern Cyprus, despite not being part of the European Union.

Episkopi Bay is on the west coast of Akrotiri.

History:

In Greece there is an island called Santorini. On the island of Santorini lays an ancient city called Akrotiri. 

Akrotiri was once home to the Minoan civilization.

Akrotiri was destroyed and buried by a volcano around 1450 BC. The Minoan civilization was forced to leave the island after a series of earthquakes. The volcano erupted shortly afterward and covered the city in ash, preserving the items left behind.

Akrotiri is open to visitors to explore and however the archeological site is closed to the public. Visitors can visit the town below the original town on the top. Visitors can walk around the island and see the caldera of the volcano.

Archeologist's have discovered that Akrotiri buildings show wall-paintings.

Paintings of vessels show that they were an advanced civilization with the ability to travel on the seas. 

The city included a drainage system for water. Akrotiri was one of the first cities to include multi-storeyed buildings. Buildings have been discovered that were three story's 

high.

Before it's destruction Akrotiri was one of the main ports of the Aegean.

Fresco of a ship procession from bronze age excavation at Akrotiri, on the greece island Santorini

Researchers love for Rats

Why mostly Rats for researches?

Rats and mice have so many biological similarities to humans, they make up 90–95% of the mammals in biomedical research.

Rats are mammals and their system should react to the chemicals in similar way to those of humans. In order to consider human safety consumption or exposure it is tested with rats or mice.

Mice and rats are also relatively inexpensive.

Rats reproduce quickly and have short life span of 2  years. Researchers do not have to wait long to evaluate test results in generations. The grandsons and granddaughters of original test rats could appear within months, not the years it would take in human subjects.

Also since they reproduce fast they are very useful in genetic researches.

They are also small and easy for researchers to use.

What are other mammals used in research?

Other mammals commonly found in research are guinea pigs, rabbits, hamsters, and farm animals such as pigs and sheep

Researchers increasingly rely on species such as zebrafish, fruit flies, and worms for basic research about gene function and biological processes.

Sheep provide a model to study osteoarthritis, a breakdown of cartilage that occurs as people age, causing pain and inflammation in the joints.

Pigs offer a model for research on skin problems, including what may happen when medicine or a toxic substance is absorbed through the skin.

Species such as dogs, cats, and non-human primates account for less than 1% of all mammals in research. Although not used widely, these animals have characteristics that make them vitally important for the study of heart disease, neurological disorders, and diseases such as HIV/AIDS.

Why we sweat?

Why do Humans Sweat?

Sweat is your body’s natural way of cooling down. As the sweat comes out of your body, you cool off!

How does sweat cool?

Try this out. Put a small drop of water on the back of your hand. Then place your mouth close to your hand and blow hard. That spot will gradually feel cool. This is because the water begins to evaporate with your blowing and produces a cooling sensation. 

The inbuilt cooling system of the body uses the skin and blood for its functioning. The blood warms up as it passes through muscles and tissue. It carries the extra heat to the surface of the skin, which triggers the sweat glands in the skin to produce sweat - a combination of water (usually about 99 per cent) with small amounts of salts and amino acids dissolved in it. 

The sweat escapes through tiny pores on the skin, evaporating as it reaches the surface. As the sweat evaporates, it cools the skin beneath. In fact, a pearl-sized bead of sweat can cool nearly one litre of blood by 1.8 degree Centigrade (one degree Fahrenheit).

Why do we sweat more in summer?

Have you ever wondered why you sweat more on hot summer afternoons? Actually, the human body sweats all the time, even when we are sleeping. 

But when we exercise or perform some strenuous work we sweat more as the body gets heated up faster. As a result, we sweat more during summers and less during winters. The rate of sweating is directly related to our body temperature.

Remember, the more you sweat the more you lose water. So, the next time you go out in the sun, make sure you drink enough water because, like the room cooler, the system under your skin needs water to function.

Zebras

                      The Wild Ass    

The name "zebra" comes from the Old Portuguese word zevra which means "wild ass".

Every zebra has a unique pattern of black and white stripes.

Zebras  care deeply about their group members. When a group member is wounded by a predator attack, other zebras will come to its defence attempting to drive the predator(s) away.

Zebras  will only go to sleep if they are close to neighbours so that they can be warned if a predator approaches.

When zebras are grouped together, their stripes make it hard for a lion or leopard to pick out one zebra to chase.

Mother zebras are very caring and protective mothers. Infant zebras  are able to stand, walk and suckle shortly after birth, and will continue to drink their mother’s milk for the first year of life.

Zebras stand up while sleeping.

Romans called Grevy's zebras 'hippotigris' and trained them to pull two-wheeled carts for exhibition in circuses.

Zebras communicate with each other through various vocal expressions including sniffing and balking, but also through the position of their ears and tail.

They can turn their ears in almost any direction and harness this ability to communicate their mood, for example pulled backwards when angry, or standing erect when calm and friendly.

The female zebra typically gives birth to one foal after a gestation period of about one year. When a foal is born the mother keeps all other zebras (even the members of her family) away from it for 2 or 3 days, until it learns to recognize her by sight, voice and smell.

Habitat :Savannah, plains, and mountainous areas(Eastern and southern Africa)

Diet: Herbivores

Height : 4- 5 feet

Length:  7 –9 feet

Adult male: stallion
Adult female: mare
Adolescent female: filly
Adolescent male: colt
Young: foal

Life Span :12 years